What are inner-transition elements?

What are inner-transition elements?

The basic concepts of inner-transition elements is this that, the last electron in the f-block element enter into (n-2) orbitals and they form a transition series within the transition series (d-block). this is called inner-transition elements.

it mean, inner-transition elements (f- block elements) including 4f series (lanthanoids, Z = 58 to 71) and 5f series actinoids (z= 90 to 103). these elements have incomplete f-block in penultimate shell of their atoms.

There are two different series of inner-transition elements.

1. First, 4f series (lanthanoids – Z = 58……to …… 71).
2. Second, 5f series (Actinoids – Z = 90 ….to…….103).

Now, we will discuss about 4f series and 5f series.

lets know with examples,

In f-block elements, start with ce and end with ln, this series is known as 4f series (lanthanoids).

whereas,

In f-block elements, start with Up and end with Lr, this series is known as 5f series (Actinoids).

According to this, the position of all elements persent in d-block elements. but this series, including, lanthanoids (ce to ln) and Actinoids (Up to Lr), elements are persent in d-block.

therefore, we can say that, d-block elements is known as transition elements whereas, f-block elements is know as inner-transition elements.

What are d- block?

If the last electron of an elements inter to (n-1)d orbitals. then this is consider as a d – block elements?

SC (21) [Ar] 4s2 3d1

Ti (22) [Ar] 4s2 3d2

ns (n-1) d – when the last electron of an elements inter to (n-1) d this is known as d – block elements.

What are position of d- block?

The main position of d – block is given below.

1. Between s – block and p – block.
2. Group 3 to 12.
3. Period 4 to 7.

What is transition elements?

Incomplete d – orbitals, this is know as a transition elements.

For examples,

1. SC (21)
2. Ti (22)
3. V (23)
4. Cr (24)
5. Mn (25)
6. Fe (26)
7. CO (27)
8. Ni (28)
9. Cu (29)

All are incomplete d – orbitals, this is called transition elements.

but zn (zinc) is not transition elements. Because

Zn (30) – [Ar] 4s2 3d10.

Due to this electron configuration of zn. We can say that,

What is diffrence between transition elements and inner transition elements?

1. Transition elements – If last electrons inter in d – orbitals is know as transition elements.

For examples,

Sc, Ti, V, Cr Mn, Fe, Co, Ni etc.

Electron configuration,

Sc – 4s2 3d1

Ti – 4s2 3d2

and show one, it mean last electrons inter in d – orbitals. so, you can say that, these all are transition elements.

2. Inner transition elements – If Last elements inter in f – block orbitals is know as inner transition elements.

for examples,

1. Lanthenoids
2. Actinoids

Inner transition elements properties?

1. Transition elements are pure matel.
2. Transition elements is good conductive.

Transition elements which block?

If last elements inter in d- block is known as transition elements.

The last elements occur in d – orbitals. these elements is known as transition elements. d – orbitals occur in between s- block and f-block. But if last elements inter Or occur in f- block is know as inner transition elements. but in case of d-block only (Zn) zinc is not transition elements.

There are 8 to 9 different elements is given below, these all elements occur in d-block.

for examples,

D- block elements

Sc – 4s2 3d1

Ti – 4s2 3d2

V – 4s2 3d3

Cr – 4s2 3d4

Mn – 4s2 3d5

Fe – 4s2 3d6

Co – 4s2 3d7

Ni – 4s2 3d8

Cu – 4s2 3d9

All elements are transition elements and occur in d-block. these types of elements is known as transition elements.

But Zn (zinc) – 4s2 3d10 , this is the reson only zinc is not transition elements.

zinc is not called transition elements.